function B = doubly_stochastic(A, maxiter, mode, checkperiod)
% Project a matrix to the doubly stochastic matrices (Sinkhorn's algorithm)
%
% function B = doubly_stochastic(A)
% function B = doubly_stochastic(A, maxiter)
% function B = doubly_stochastic(A, [], mode)
% function B = doubly_stochastic(A, maxiter, mode)
% function B = doubly_stochastic(A, maxiter, mode, checkperiod)
%
% Given an element-wise non-negative matrix A of size nxn, returns a
% doubly-stochastic matrix B of size nxn by applying Sinkhorn's algorithm
% to A.
% 
% maxiter (optional):
%    Strictly positive integer representing the maximum 
%    number of iterations of Sinkhorn's algorithm. 
%    The default value of maxiter is n^2.
% mode (optional):
%    Setting mode = 1 changes the behavior of the algorithm 
%    such that the input A is an n x p matrix with AA' having 
%    element-wise non-negative entries and the output B is also n x p
%    such that BB' is a doubly-stochastic matrix. The default value is 0.
% checkperiod (optional):
%    Only check stopping criteria every checkperiod iterations,
%    to reduce computational burden.

% The file is based on developments in the research paper
% Philip A. Knight, "The Sinkhorn–Knopp Algorithm: Convergence and 
% Applications" in SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications 30(1), 
% 261-275, 2008.
%
% Please cite the Manopt paper as well as the research paper.

% This file is part of Manopt: www.manopt.org.
% Original author: David Young, September 10, 2015.
% Contributors: Ahmed Douik, March 15, 2018.
%               Pratik Jawanpuria and Bamdev Mishra, Sep 10, 2019.
% Change log:
%    Sep. 10, 2019 (PJ, BM)
%        Added the checkperiod parameter.

    n = size(A, 1);
    tol = eps(n);
    
    if ~exist('maxiter', 'var') || isempty(maxiter)
        maxiter = n^2;
    end
    
    if ~exist('mode', 'var') || isempty(mode)
        mode = 0;
    end

    if ~exist('checkperiod', 'var') || isempty(checkperiod)
        checkperiod = 100;
    end
    
    if mode == 1
        C = A*A';
    else
        C = A;
    end
    
    iter = 0;
    d_1 = 1./sum(C);
    d_2 = 1./(C * d_1.');
    while iter < maxiter
        iter = iter + 1;
        row = d_2.' * C;
        % Check gap condition only at checkperiod intervals.
        % It saves computations for large-scale scenarios.
        if mod(iter, checkperiod) == 0 
            gap = max(abs(row .* d_1 - 1));
            if isnan(gap)
                break;
            end
            if gap <= tol
                break;
            end
        end
        d_1_prev = d_1;
        d_2_prev = d_2;

        d_1 = 1./row;
        d_2 = 1./(C * d_1.');

        if any(isinf(d_2)) || any(isnan(d_2)) || any(isinf(d_1)) || any(isnan(d_1))
            warning('DoublyStochasticProjection:NanInfEncountered', ...
                    'Nan or Inf occured at iter %d. \n', iter);
            d_1 = d_1_prev;
            d_2 = d_2_prev;
            break;
        end
    end
    
    if mode == 1
        v = sqrt(d_2(1)/d_1(1))*d_1;
        B = diag(v)*A;
    else
        B = C .* (d_2 * d_1);
    end
         
end
